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Objective:To explore the application experience of autologous fat transplantation in improving the facial contour of young cosmetic patients.Methods:From October 2017 to October 2020, the plastic surgery department of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital admitted 10 young cosmetic patients with poor facial contours, including 1 male and 9 females, aged 18-35 years, with an average of 28 years. Autologous subcutaneous fat was harvested by liposuction and static purification and then injected into the areas with poor facial contour with an amount of 10%-30% over.Results:The facial contour of 10 young cosmetic patients was well improved, and there were no postoperative complications such as facial asymmetry, local uneven skin, skin infection and necrosis or fat embolism. 8 cases were filled once and 2 cases were filled twice. The patients were followed up for 6-24 months and the postoperative effect was good. The excellent and good rate evaluated by patients, plastic surgeon and the third party doctor was more than 80%.Conclusions:The use of autologous fat to improve the facial contour of young cosmetic patients is easy to operate with less trauma and good effect, which is worthy of promotion.
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Objective:To investigate the application and curative effect of fat grafting in supraorbital area in double blepharoplasty in patients with negative vector of the eyelid- globe.Methods:From January 2019 to January 2020, 78 patients who came to Fuzhou Meilai Huamei Beauty Hospital for double blepharoplasty were collected as patients with negative eyelid- globe vector. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 42 cases in the combined group and 36 cases in the simple group. The combined group underwent double blepharoplasty combined with fat grafting in the supraorbital area, and the simple group only underwent double blepharoplasty.Results:The postoperative follow-up was 3-12 months, with an average follow-up of 6 months. The efficacy of the combined group and the simple group was compared. There was no surgical complications in both groups. In improving the eyelid-globe vector, the combined group was higher than that of the simple group. The overall satisfaction of the combined group was higher than that of the simple group. Among them, the satisfaction of eye appearance, self-confidence, mental health, surgical results, decision-making and facial rejuvenation were all higher than those of the simple group, and there was no difference in the impact on early life between the two groups.Conclusions:Double blepharoplasty undergoing fat grafting in the supraorbital area at the same time are safe and conforms to the aesthetic standard. The patients are satisfied with the postoperative effects.
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Objective:To investigate the causes of buccal masses after temporal autologous fat grafting, and to summarize the therapeutic methods to avoid medical disputes.Methods:Ten female patients (25-40 years; mean age, 33.1±7.5 years) with buccal mass complication after temporal autologous fat grafting were retrospectively analyzed, and statistics was done on their fat injection history, postoperative buccal mass symptom onset time, intraoperative mass conditions, postoperative pathological and fluid bacterial culture results, and postoperative recovery.Results:The unilateral temporal fat injection volume was 15-30 ml, and the buccal masses occurred 1-6 months after temporal autologous fat grafting. Lipoid masses were found in the buccal space during the operation, and some of them contained liquid. The postoperative pathological results indicated local necrosis in fibrotic adipose tissues. All the fluid bacteria cultures were negative, only one showed positive culture of acid-fast bacilli. 6-12 months postoperative follow-up visit was performed, and 9 patients recovered and 1 patient recovered after re-operation.Conclusions:The overfilled fat and liquefied necrotic fat after temporal fat grafting may move down to buccal space to form buccal masses, which should be treated by operation early to achieve a good prognosis.
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Objective To evaluate the effect and mechanism of cysteine rich protein 61, namely CCN family member 1(CCN1) on the survival of adipose tissues in rats after autologous fat grafting. Methods At 1 week after the establishment of autologous fat grafting rat models, all animals were randomly divided into the CCN1 group (n=20) and control group (n=20). The survival of fat grafts, the morphology of fat graft tissues, the proportion of active adipocytes and the number of new blood vessels of rats were statistically compared between two groups. The levels of differential expressed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the fat graft tissues of rats were compared between two groups by high-throughput sequencing and subsequently subject to cluster analysis. The expression levels of related proinflammatory cytokines of fat graft tissues of rats were statistically compared between two groups. Results The weight retention rate of adipose tissues in the CCN1 group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In the CCN1 group, the integrity of adipocytes was considerably higher, the degree of vesiculation and vacuolation, the degree of inflammatory cell aggregation and the degree of fibrosis were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.000 1). Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the proportion of active adipocytes with uniform morphology was higher in the CCN1 group, whereas the proportion of active adipocytes was lower and the cells were observed in different sizes accompanied by vesiculation in the control group. Compared with the control group, the quantity of new blood vessels was significantly higher, and the expression levels of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) mRNA were remarkably higher in the CCN1 group (all P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the data at the transcriptome levels significantly differed between two groups. In the CCN1 group, the gene expression levels of cell surface markers, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines related to M1 macrophages tended to decline. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that the mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 in the CCN1 group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01-0.05). Conclusions During autologous fat grafting, supplement of exogenous CCN1 may effectively promote the neovascularization of adipose tissues and improve the survival rate of fat graft probably by mediating the transformation of macrophages into M2 phenotype via down-regulating the TLR2 expression level.
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Objective:To compare the difference and effect of fat grafting assisted by adjustable external volume expansion (EVE) and fat grafting only in female patients who chose autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction after a breast cancer operation.Methods:A retrospective analysis was carried out in 17 patients in the past four years. The patients in the experimental group wore EVE 10 hours daily for four weeks before surgery, and the negative pressure value was -60 mmHg. From the second week after the operation, they continued to wear EVE 10 hours every day, and the initial negative pressure value was -40 mmHg. After one week, the negative pressure was adjusted to -20 mmHg, and the EVE was worn for four weeks after surgery. Both the experimental group and the control group chose classical Coleman fat for breast reconstruction.Results:The number of operations in the experimental and control groups was 3.0±0.8 and 3.9±1.2, respectively ( t=2.193; P<0.05). The single fat injection volume of the experimental group and the control group was (228.60±15.34) ml and (198.20±12.01) ml, respectively ( t=4.861; P<0.01). The single fat volume preservation rate of the experimental group and the control group was (31.6±5.8)% and (25.8±6.2)%, respectively ( t=2.226; P<0.05). For postoperative complications, there were 3 cases in the experimental group (10 cases in total) and 3 cases in the control group (7 cases in total). Conclusions:For breast cancer patients who choose autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction, wearing EVE can reduce the number of operations, improve the single fat injection volume and postoperative fat preservation rate, and reduce postoperative complications.
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Objective:To explore whether botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) can improve the retention rate of fat transplantation in fat breast augmentation.Methods:Each patient was divided into control side and experimental side according to the random number table in 14 patients studied. The experimental group received autologous fat and BTX-A combined transplantation on both sides of the breast, while the control side only received autologous fat transplantation. The fat was added with the same volume of normal saline as BTX-A in the control group. All patients were followed up and the effects of BTX-A were evaluated objectively via the comparison of the remained bilateral fat graft volumes that were obtained through a digital three-dimensional reconstructions technique. Moreover, the improvement of each breast appearance and complication were assessed by the physician and patients who were blinded to the recipient treatment assignment.Results:The outcome of the fat breast augmentation was evident for both groups at the follow-up with no evidence of fat embolism, vascular/nervous injury, infection and prolonged bruising. In one of the 14 patients (control group), fat liquefaction necrosis occurred in one side of the breast; after active treatment, it returned to normal, and three patients had different degrees of mass. The analysis on the three-dimensional reconstruction data and the assessments from both the physicians and patients showed significant differences in the fat graft retention volume between the BTX-A group (51.10±20.56)% and the control group (33.06±14.77)%. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two sides.Conclusions:Autogenous fat breast augmentation is safe and effective. This study result has shown that BTX-A can significantly improve the retention rate of fat transplantation but cannot reduce the incidence of complications.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of circulating estrogen level on the outcome of free fat grafting in nude mice. Methods: Eighteen female nude mice aged 6-8 weeks (weighing, 20-25 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=6). The nude mice in the ovariectomized group were treated with ovariectomy. The nude mice in the high estrogen group and the normal estrogen group only made the same incision to enter the peritoneum without ovariectomy. The nude mice in the high estrogen group were given the estradiol (0.2 mg/g) every 3 days for 30 days. The other two groups were given the same amount of PBS every 3 days. At 30 days after operation, the tail vein blood of nude mice in 3 groups were detected by estradiol ELISA kit, and the free fat (0.3 mL) donated by the females was injected into the sub-scalp of nude mice. After 8 weeks of fat grafting, the samples were taken for gross observation and weighing, and the prepared slices were stained with HE staining, CD31-perilipin fluorescence staining, immunohistochemical staining of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and immunofluorescence staining of estrogen receptor α. The diameter of adipocytes and vascular density of adipose tissue were measured. The mRNA expressions of UCP1 and estrogen receptor α were detected by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: All nude mice survived during experiment. ELISA test showed that the concentration of estradiol significantly decreased in the ovariectomized group and increased in the high estrogen group compared with the normal estrogen group ( P<0.05). At 8 weeks after fat grafting, the graft volume from large to small was ovariectomized group, normal estrogen group, and high estrogen group. There was significant difference in wet weight between the ovariectomized group and high estrogen group ( P<0.05). Section staining showed that compared with the normal estrogen group, the adipocytes in the ovariectomized group were larger, the expression of peri-lipoprotein was weaker, the vascular density decreased, and the expressions of UCP1 was negative, and the estrogen receptor α positive cells reduced. The above observation results in the high estrogen group were contrary to those in the ovariectomized group. There were significant differences in the diameter of adipocytes, the vascular density of adipose tissue, the number of the estrogen receptor α positive cells between groups ( P<0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of UCP1 and estrogen receptor α significantly increased in the high estrogen group and decreased in the ovariectomized group compared with the normal estrogen group, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of circulating estrogen has a significant effect on the outcome of free fat grafting in nude mice. Low estrogen level leads to hypertrophy of graft adipocytes, while high estrogen level leads to the production of a large amount of beige fat and high vascular density in fat grafts, which may be related to the activation of estrogen receptor α on adipocytes.
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Scars formed by various injuries can affect the appearance and psychology of patients. Therefore, more and more people pay attention to the prevention and treatment of scar. With the development of the autologous fat grafting, it has been gradually applied to the prevention and treatment of scar. At present, it has been confirmed by scholars that the autologous fat grafting could be an effective method to prevent and treat scar from basic research and clinical practice. At the same time, the deficiency of autologous fat grafting in the prevention and treatment of scar was also pointed out. This paper reviews the application, mechanism, and deficiency of autologous fat grafting in scar prevention and treatment.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of adding glutathion(GSH) to tumescent solution on autologous fat graft survival.@*Methods@#14 male and female New Zealand rabbits were divided into experimental group and control group randomly, 7 in each group. Experimental group: The donor areas of the rabbits were injected with 3 ml of tumescent solution with GSH. Control group: The donor areas of the rabbits were injected with 3 ml regular tumescent solution. DCFH-DA probe was used for fluorescent staining of harvested fat cells. Then stained fat cells were measured for the intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)content by fluorescence microplate. The grafts were harvested at 3 months after transplantation and assessed by general observation, volume measurement, wet weight measurement, HE staining for the number of fat cells, and CD34 immunohistochemical staining for the measurement of micro-vascular density. T test was performed by using SPSS 24.0.@*Results@#The intracellular ROS content of harvested fat cells in experimental group was lower than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At 3 months after transplantation, the wet weight of fat grafts in experimental group was (1133.21±87.97) mg and that in control group was (718.79±79.27) mg. The volume of fat grafts in experimental group was (1.00±0.04) ml and that in control group was (0.59±0.03) ml. The number of fat cells in experimental group was (746.6±15.7)/10 high magnification vision and that in control group was (350.1±32.4)/10 high magnification vision. The density in group experimental was (8.1±2.0)/high magnification vision and that in control group was (6.7±2.4)/high magnification vision. The grafts′ volume, wet weight, and the number of fat cells in experimental group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference of micro-vascular density between experimental group and control group had no statistical significance (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#The addition of GSH to tumescent solution optimizes the process of autologous fat harvest, thereby improving the survival of fat graft.
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Introdução: A lipoaspiração ou lipossucção é a intervenção cirúrgica destinada a remover depósitos superficiais e profundos de gordura subcutânea do tecido adiposo localizado. Em alguns casos, para obter o resultado estético desejado, é realizada a lipoenxertia. Neste processo, faz-se um transplante autólogo de tecido gorduroso para preencher, aumentar ou modelar as estruturas flácidas, depressões ou áreas com pouco tecido adiposo. As cânulas utilizadas para realizar a lipoaspiração apresentam um design desafiador para os processos de limpeza, favorecendo o acúmulo de resíduos de gordura em seu interior. Há registros de surtos infecciosos causados por microrganismos que sobreviveram ao processo de esterilização, relacionados à falha na limpeza dos instrumentais cirúrgicos, reforçando a premente necessidade de investigar se os resíduos de gordura no lúmen das cânulas são passíveis de remoção, garantindo assim, a eficácia da esterilização e a segurança em seu reuso. Objetivos: Fase I - avaliar a eficácia da remoção da gordura humana do lúmen das cânulas submetidas a seis diferentes Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão (POP) de limpeza, comparando-os com os grupos controle positivos e negativos. Fase II - Avaliar o alcance do nível de segurança de esterilidade de 10-6 , quando submetida à esterilização por vapor saturado sob pressão as cânulas de lipoaspiração intencionalmente contaminadas com 6 L(residual mínimo após limpeza) e 50 L (residual máximo após limpeza) de gordura ----------------|a humana, ao serem desafiados frente à cepa de Mycobacteroides abscessus subespécie massiliense (INCQS no 00594) e a cepa do esporo Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC no 7.953). Método: a pesquisa caracterizou-se como pesquisa experimental laboratorial. A Fase I dos experimentos consistiu em submeter as cânulas de lipoaspiração de 3mm e 5mm de diâmetro com lúmen intencionalmente contaminado com gordura humana, a seis distintos POP de limpeza com variações na inclusão/exclusão/sequência dos passos básicos de limpeza, atualmente, adotados pela Enfermagem em Centros de Material e Esterilização (CME), quais sejam: 1. Flush inicial com água por meio de seringa de 10mL com detergente no lúmen das cânulas; 2. Flush automatizado a alta pressão e alta temperatura por meio do sistema de vapor fluente; 3. Imersão em solução de detergente enzimático com lipase e alternativamente no detergente alcalino; 4. Limpeza manual como o método que antecedeu a limpeza automatizada; 5. Limpeza automatizada em lavadora ultrassônica com retrofluxo intermitente com conectores para canulados. A gordura contaminante nos corpos de prova permaneceu por 120 minutos de contato, e após a drenagem do contaminante as cânulas ficaram expostas ao ar ambiente por 60 minutos. Após a aplicação dos seis distintos POP de limpeza, procedeu-se a extração e quantificação dos resíduos de gordura humana pela técnica de extração com solvente éter de petróleo a quente. A partir dos resultados obtidos nesta fase, realizou-se a Fase II caracterizada como microbiológica - utilizando a maior (50 L) e a menor (6,0 L ) média dos valores obtidos do resíduo de gordura para avaliar se esses quantitativos constituir-se-iam como fator protetor para os microrganismos no processo de esterilização por vapor saturado sob pressão alcançando o nível de segurança de esterilidade de 10-6 . Resultados: a Fase I da pesquisa demonstrou que mesmo utilizando todos os recursos atualmente, disponíveis no CME, não foi possível remover totalmente os resíduos de gordura inoculada nas cânulas de lipoaspiração restando valores residuais mínimos e máximos de gordura de 6,00 mg e 52 mg respectivamente. O POP que apresentou melhor desempenho na remoção de resíduo de gordura foi o método que empregou os seguintes recursos e sequência: 1. Flush inicial com água por meio de seringa de 10mL com detergente enzimático com lipase no lúmen das cânulas; 2. Imersão em solução de detergente enzimático com lipase; 3. Limpeza manual como o método que antecedeu a limpeza automatizada; 4. Limpeza automatizada em lavadora ultrassônica com retrofluxo intermitente com conectores para canulados; 5. Flush automatizado a alta pressão e alta temperatura por meio do sistema de vapor fluente. Os resultados microbiológicos da Fase II comprovaram a premissa de que a sujidade pode proteger microrganismos, constatando-se a sobrevivência, tanto da Mycobacteroides abscessus subespécie massiliense como do Geobacillus stearothermophilus, em ciclos de esterilização por vapor saturado sob pressão a 134o C, nos tempos de 1,30 minuto (meio ciclo) e 3 minutos (ciclo completo). Conclusões: As cânulas de lipoaspiração não são passíveis de limpeza pelos recursos atuais disponíveis pelos CME e houve recuperação dos microrganismos testados Mycobacteroides abscessus subespécie massiliense e Geobacillus stearothermophilus, demonstrando o risco de infecção relacionada ao reuso deste produto para saúde (PPS). Ressalta-se que dentre resíduos de matéria orgânica a serem removidos dos PPS, a gordura merece uma atenção especial porquanto há evidências de que os microrganismos em presença de óleos e gorduras necessitam de um tempo de exposição ao agente esterilizante até oito vezes maior que se estivesse na presença de água.
Introduction: Liposuction is the surgical intervention intended to remove superficial and deep deposits of subcutaneous fat from localized adipose tissue. In some cases, fat grafting is used to achieve the desired aesthetic result. In this process, an autologous fat tissue transplant is performed to fill, augment, or model flaccid structures, depressions, or areas with little adipose tissue. The cannulas used to perform liposuction have a challenging design for the cleaning processes, favoring the accumulation of fat residues inside. There are records of infectious outbreaks from microorganisms that survived the sterilization process, related to failure in cleaning surgical instruments, reinforcing the urgent need to investigate whether fat residues in the cannula lumen can be removed, thus ensuring the efficacy of sterilization and safety in its reuse. Objectives: Phase I to evaluate the efficacy of removing human fat from the cannula lumen undergoing six different cleaning standard operating procedures (SOPs), comparing them with the positive and negative control groups. Phase II - to evaluate the safety level of sterility reached of 10-6 , when liposuction cannula intentionally contaminated with 6 L (minimum residual after cleaning) and 50 L (maximum residual after cleaning) of human fat undergo sterilization with saturated steam, and are challenged with a strain of Mycobacteroides abscessus subspecies massiliense (INCQS no. 00594) and a strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spore (ATCC no. 7953). Method: the research was characterized as laboratorial and experimental. Phase I of the experiments consisted of submitting the 3mm- and 5mm- diameter liposuction cannula - with lumen intentionally contaminated with human fat, to six different cleaning SOPs with variations in the inclusion/exclusion/sequence of basic cleaning steps currently adopted by the nursing staff in sterile processing department, namely: 1. Initial flush with water using a 10mL syringe with detergent in the cannula lumen; 2. High-pressure, high-temperature automated flush through a flowing steam system; 3. Immersion in an enzymatic detergent solution with lipase, and alternatively in an alkaline detergent; 4. Manual cleaning as the method that preceded the automated cleaning; 5. Automated cleaning in ultrasonic washer with intermittent backflow with connectors for cannula. The contaminant fat in the specimens remained for 120 minutes of contact, and after draining the contaminant the cannulas were exposed to ambient air for 60 minutes. After the application of the six different cleaning SOPs, extraction and quantification of human fat residues were carried out using the hot petroleum ether extraction technique. Based on the results obtained in this phase, Phase II - characterized as microbiological - was performed using the largest (52L) and the lowest (6.0 L) average of values obtained from the fat residue to evaluate whether these quantitative values were a protective factor for microorganisms in the saturated steam sterilization process, reaching the sterile assurance level of 10-6 . Results: Phase I of the research demonstrated that even using all the currently available technologies in sterile processing department, it was not possible to completely remove fat residues inoculated in the liposuction cannula, with remaining minimum and maximum fat residual values of 6.0 mg and 52 mg, respectively. The SOP presenting better performance in the removal of fat residues was the method that used the following features and sequence: 1. Initial flush with water using a 10mL syringe with enzymatic detergent with lipase in the lumen of the cannula; 2. Immersion in an enzymatic detergent solution with lipase; 3. Manual cleaning using the method that preceded the automated cleaning; 4. Automated cleaning in ultrasonic washer with intermittent backflow with cannula connectors; 5. High-pressure and high-temperature automated flush using fluent steam system. The minimum and maximum residual fat values extracted were 6.0 mg and 52 mg. The microbiological results of Phase II have confirmed the premise that soil can protect microorganisms, with survival of both Mycobacteroides abscessus subspecies massiliense and Geobacillus stearothermophilus being observed after steam sterilization cycles under pressure at 134o C for 1,30 minute (half cycle) and 3 minutes (complete cycle). Conclusions: Liposuction cannula cannot be cleaned with the current resources available in Sterile Processing Departments, and the microorganisms tested, and Mycobacteroides abscessus subspecies massiliense and Geobacillus stearothermophilus, were recovered, demonstrating risk of infection related to the reuse of this health product. It should be emphasized that among the residues of organic matter to be removed from health products, fat deserves special attention because there is evidence that microorganisms in the presence of oils and fats need a time of exposure to the sterilizing agent up to eight times greater than if they were in the presence of water.
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Lipectomy , Sterilization , Nursing , Cross Infection , CannulaABSTRACT
Objective@#To observe the safety and efficiency of face-lift combined with fat grafting in facial rejuvenation.@*Methods@#We performed a retrospective study, which included 23 patients. SMAS suspension and multi-site suspension were combined to correct the nasolabial fold, mid-cheek aging and malar mounds. Structural fat grafting was performed to treat the volume loss in mid-face.@*Results@#All patients demonstrated a significant improvement in midfacial appearance. No infection or nerve injury were found in this study. Only three patients did not get primary healing in temple region, which led to temporal hair loss from secondary healing.@*Conclusions@#This study demonstrates that fat grafting and multiple layers face-lift are efficient method for facial rejuvenation. These approaches appear to be very promising for facial anti-aging techniques.
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Autologous fat grafting has become a commonly used technique in the plastic and reconstructive surgery, due to its availability and biocompatibility and are considered an ideal material for soft-tissue augmentation. We provide a review of the current literature, summarize the current status of autologous fat grafting, including the fat grafting process, complications, and postoperative follow-up, and offer a reference for the clinical application and basic research of autologous fat transplantation.
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Objective@#To investigate the application and therapeutic effect of external tissue expansion-assisted autologous fat grafting for delayed breast reconstruction.@*Methods@#Patients began wearing the BRAVA negative pressure system 8 hours a day for recipient tissue expansion for one month before the fat grafting procedure. After fat grafting, BRAVA was recommended to be worn 8 hours a day from postoperative 48 hours to one month. The interval of each fat grafting procedure was 2.5 to 3.0 months. The procedures were repeated until the completion of breast reconstruction. Water-jet assisted liposuction and subcutaneous release of scars were also performed during surgery.@*Results@#From January 2013 to November 2016, 29 patients were followed up for 12 to 58 months, with average of 31.6 months. 28 patients completed the external tissue expansion-assisted autologous fat grafting breast reconstruction. Completion required 1 to 6 procedures, with average of 3.4 procedures. The total initial fat fill volume for each breast was ranged from 200 to 1 000 ml, with average of 583.7 ml. The initial fat fill volume for each breast was ranged from 92.5 to 243.7 ml per operation, with average of 173.8 ml. One patient underwent latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap breast reconstruction after 3 fat grafting procedures. 8 patients completed the inframammary fold reconstruction, 3 patients underwent breast lift, 1 patient underwent lipofilling augmentation for the contralateral side. Postoperative satisfaction rate was 82.8% in patients and 75.9% in surgeon. Complication statistics: 5 cases of palpable nodules which recognized as fat necrosis (17.2%), one case of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (3.4%) and one case of locoregional cancer recurrence (3.4%).@*Conclusions@#External tissue expansion-assisted autologous fat grafting is a minimally invasive procedure for breast reconstruction. Satisfactory results could be obtained for most of the patients who would like to choose fat grafting and have enough fat deposit in other parts of the body.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) on the survival and neovascularization of fat tissue transplants. Methods: The ADSCs were isolated by collagenase digestion from the adipose tissues voluntarily donated by the patients undergoing mastectomy, and subcultured. The passage 3 ADSCs were used for subsequent experiments. The residual fat tissues were used to prepare fat particles (FPs). The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as ECs for subsequent experiments. Eighty healthy male nude mice, aged 4-6 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=20). The mice were received subcutaneous injection at the dorsum of 1 mL FPs+0.3 mL normal saline (NS) in control group, 1 mL FPs+2×10 6 ECs+0.3 mL NS in ECs group, 1 mL FPs+2×10 6 ADSCs+0.3 mL NS in ADSCs group, and 1 mL FPs+1×10 6 ECs+1×10 6 ADSCs+0.3 NS in ADSCs+ECs group. General observations of the injection sites were performed, and the survival of the mice was recorded. At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after injection, grafted fat tissues were firstly assessed by ultrasonography, then they were collected for volume measurement (water displacement method) and histology observation (HE staining and immunofluorescence staining). Results: All mice survived until the end of experiment. At each time point, no significant difference was noted between groups in ultrasonography assay. There was no significant blood flow signal in the grafted fat tissues, or cysts, calcification, solid occupying in recipient area. Generally, the volume of grafted fat tissues decreased with time in all groups. Specifically, the volumes of grafted fat tissues were larger in ADSCs group and ADSCs+ECs group than that in control group and ECs group ( P<0.05) at each time point, and in ADSCs group than in ADSCs+ECs group ( P<0.05) at 8 and 12 weeks. HE staining showed that all groups had similar tendencies in general histology changes, and remodeling in ADSCs group was the fastest than in the other groups. By immunofluorescence staining for neovascularization, the new vessels in all groups were increasing with time. The vessel densities were higher in ECs group, ADSCs group, and ADSCs+ECs group than in control group ( P<0.05) at each time point, in ADSCs group than in ECs group and ADSCs+ECs group ( P<0.05) at 4 weeks, in ADSCs group and ADSCs+ECs group than in ECs group ( P<0.05) at 8 and 12 weeks. Conclusion: ADSCs can significantly increase the survival of transplanted fat tissue, which may be related to promoting the neovascularization.
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Objective To discuss the clinical effect of facial contour remodeling using transplantation of the autologous granular fat grafting combined with botulinum toxin A injection.Methods Negative-pressure liposuction was carried out in the inner thigh or abdomen using liposuction needle connected with an injector,to let stand for layered,discharge lower layer water,rinse,extract the fat particles into a 2 ml syringe,inject into facial depression area with multipoint,multiple-tunnel,and multilayer manner,over injection of about 20％-30％ every time.89 patients received the injection;some accepted two injections;13 cases were injected in temple (14.6％),and 16 in forehead (17.98％).30 of them received subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin A,each side dose was less than 20 U.Results Patients had been followed up for 3-36 months,and obvious improvements were observed in facial contour in the frontal and temporal region as well as the skin texture;the survival rate of fat granule reached to 60％-80％.No hematoma,nodes and infection been observed.Patients combined with botulinum toxin A injection had more ideal facial contour and more satisfaction.Conclusions Autologous fat granules transplantation in the face has stable clinical effect,and combining with botulinum toxin A injection can improve facial contour.It is a safe,ideal treatment in facial rejuvenation and facial contour remodeling and it therefore can be widely recommended in clinical treatment.
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Breast surgery has evolved very rapidly in recent years. New oncoplastic techniques have emerged, which allowed the maintenance of a good approach in surgical treatment of breast cancer, reducing the physical and mental suffering of the patients for presenting better aesthetic results. This case report refers to a 45-year-old female patient who underwent mastectomy and radiotherapy eight years ago due to breast cancer, and had her breast reconstructed with the use of a submuscular expander associated to fat grafting. This study aimed to show a therapeutic option in breast reconstruction.
A cirurgia da mama nos últimos anos evoluiu de forma muito rápida. Novas técnicas de oncoplastia surgiram, o que permitiu manter uma ótima abordagem no tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de mama, diminuindo o sofrimento físico e mental das pacientes por apresentar melhores resultados estéticos. Este relato de caso refere-se a uma paciente do sexo feminino de 45 anos, que foi submetida à mastectomia e radioterapia do plastrão há oito anos, em decorrência de câncer de mama, e teve sua mama reconstruída com o uso de expansor submuscular associado à lipoenxertia.O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar uma opção terapêutica na reconstrução mamária.
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Objective@#To discuss the orbital fat autograft for lower baggy eyelid with tear trough deformity and its therapeutic effect through tranconjunctival approach.@*Methods@#The patients with lower eyelid bag and tear trough deformity were included into the study. The included 32 patients met the following criterias: ①less than 40 years old; ②lower eyelid skin was not relaxed; ③less than 1 s in Snap test; ④Hirmand type Ⅰ and Ⅱ. They were treated with tranconjunctival lower blepharoplasty combined with the tears ligament relaxation. The orbital fat was repositioned on the depression site above orbital periosteum to correct tear trough deformity. The effect was evaluated through Tear Trough Rating Scale (TTRS) and satisfaction degree.@*Results@#Three cases with Hirmand type Ⅱ didn’t have good effect. Among them, the baggy eyelid was corrected in 2 cases, while the tear trough deformity need additional hyaluronic acid injection. One patient underwent secondary lower blepharoplasty through cutaneous incision. Good effect was achieved in the other 29 cases with no depression deformity and eyelid withdrawal. The TTRS scores 6 months after operation was significantly improved(P<0.01). Satisfaction degree was 100%(14/14) and 83.3%(15/18) in type Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients.@*Conclusions@#The technique can simultaneously improve lower eyelid bag and the tear trough deformity. It can be applied in periorbital rejuvenation for middle-aged and young patients.
ABSTRACT
As the popularity of fat grafting research increases, animal models are being used as the source of pre-clinical experimental information for discovery and to enhance techniques. To date, animal models used in this research have not been compared to provide a standardized model. We analyzed publications from 1968–2015 to compare published accounts of animal models in fat grafting research. Data collected included: species used, graft characteristics (donor tissue, recipient area, amount injected, injection technique), time of sacrifice and quantification methods. Mice were most commonly used (56% of studies), with the “athymic nude” strain utilized most frequently (44%). Autologous fat was the most common source of grafted tissue (52%). Subcutaneous dorsum was the most common recipient site (51%). On average, 0.80±0.60 mL of fat was grafted. A single bolus technique was used in 57% of studies. Fat volume assessment was typically completed at the end of the study, occurring at less than 1 week to one year. Graft volume was quantified by weight (63%), usually in conjunction with another analysis. The results demonstrate the current heterogeneity of animal models in this research. We propose that the research community reach a consensus to allow better comparison of techniques and results. One example is the model used in our laboratory and others; this model is described in detail. Eventually, larger animal models may better translate to the human condition but, given increased financial costs and animal facility capability, should be explored when data obtained from small animal studies is exhausted or inconclusive.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Adipose Tissue , Consensus , Models, Animal , Population Characteristics , Research Design , TransplantsABSTRACT
As the popularity of fat grafting research increases, animal models are being used as the source of pre-clinical experimental information for discovery and to enhance techniques. To date, animal models used in this research have not been compared to provide a standardized model. We analyzed publications from 1968–2015 to compare published accounts of animal models in fat grafting research. Data collected included: species used, graft characteristics (donor tissue, recipient area, amount injected, injection technique), time of sacrifice and quantification methods. Mice were most commonly used (56% of studies), with the “athymic nude” strain utilized most frequently (44%). Autologous fat was the most common source of grafted tissue (52%). Subcutaneous dorsum was the most common recipient site (51%). On average, 0.80±0.60 mL of fat was grafted. A single bolus technique was used in 57% of studies. Fat volume assessment was typically completed at the end of the study, occurring at less than 1 week to one year. Graft volume was quantified by weight (63%), usually in conjunction with another analysis. The results demonstrate the current heterogeneity of animal models in this research. We propose that the research community reach a consensus to allow better comparison of techniques and results. One example is the model used in our laboratory and others; this model is described in detail. Eventually, larger animal models may better translate to the human condition but, given increased financial costs and animal facility capability, should be explored when data obtained from small animal studies is exhausted or inconclusive.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Adipose Tissue , Consensus , Models, Animal , Population Characteristics , Research Design , TransplantsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on autologous fat grafting breast augmentation surgery.Methods A lot of 40 patients were divided randomly into the treatment group and control group, each group of 20 cases.In the treatment group cases PRP was used in addition to autologous fat grafting.Chest circumference and thickness of subcutaneous fat were measured before and 6 month after operation and 12 months later.The results were compared and the influence of PRP was evaluated after operation.Results Both groups of patients were satisfied with the results.Compared with the control group, patients in the treatment group showed the chest circumference and thickness of subcutaneous fat were significantly increased 12 months after operation.Conclusions The efficacy of PRP is significant in enhancing fat graft, reducing fat absorption in 12 mouths after operation.The fat tissue mixed with PRP is a reliable reconstruction option for the breast augmentation.